INOVASI SISTEM PENDIDIKAN DI NEGARA CHINA DAN INDIA: TANTANGAN DAN PELUANG

Abstrak

Penelitian ini membahas perbandingan inovasi sistem pendidikan di China dan India, dengan fokus pada sejauhmana tantangan dan peluang yang dihadapi kedua negara. Diakui kedua negara memiliki populasi penduduk dan potensi ekonomi besar dan mengalami perkembangan pesat, sehingga peluang inovasi sistem pendidikan memiliki peran signifikan dalam membentuk tenaga kerja kompetitif di kancah global. Melalui pendekatan komparatif dan analisis kualitatif, penelitian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana China dan India merespons kebutuhan modernisasi sistem pendidikan mereka, termasuk strategi yang mereka adopsi dalam mengintegrasikan teknologi, peningkatan kualitas guru, dan reformasi kurikulum. Diperoleh hasi bahwa Inovasi pendidikan di China berfokus pada penerapan teknologi digital dan kebijakan pendidikan yang berorientasi global, sementara India menitikberatkan pada reformasi kurikulum dan peningkatan akses pendidikan bagi seluruh lapisan masyarakat. Meski demikian,masing-masing sistem menghadapi tantangan signifikan China berhadapan dengan tekanan akademis yang tinggi dan ketimpangan regional dalam akses pendidikan berupa disparitas fasilitas, kualitas pengajaran, dan kesempatan belajar antara daerah perkotaan dan pedesaan. Hal ini menyebabkan siswa di daerah pedesaan mengalami keterbatasan dalam akses terhadap pendidikan yang berkualitas, terutama dalam hal teknologi dan sumber daya pendidikan yang memadai.  Sedangkan India masih bergulat dengan masalah infrastruktur dan kualitas pengajaran di daerah pedesaan yang masih terbatas, baik dari segi ketersediaan sekolah yang layak, peralatan belajar, maupun jumlah dan kompetensi guru yang memadai. Keterbatasan ini membuat siswa di daerah pedesaan India sulit mengakses pendidikan berkualitas, yang berpotensi menghambat perkembangan sumber daya manusia di wilayah tersebut.

This research discusses a comparison of educational system innovation in China and India, with a focus on the extent of the challenges and opportunities faced by the two countries. It is acknowledged that both countries have large populations and economic potential and are experiencing rapid development, so that educational system innovation opportunities have a significant role in forming a competitive workforce on the global stage. Through a comparative approach and qualitative analysis, this research explores how China and India responded to the need to modernize their education systems, including the strategies they adopted in integrating technology, improving teacher quality, and curriculum reform. It was found that educational innovation in China focuses on the application of digital technology and globally oriented education policies, while India focuses on curriculum reform and increasing access to education for all levels of society. However, each system faces significant challenges. China is faced with high academic pressure and regional disparities in access to education in the form of disparities in facilities, quality of teaching, and learning opportunities between urban and rural areas. This causes students in rural areas to experience limited access to quality education, especially in terms of technology and adequate educational resources. Meanwhile, India is still grappling with infrastructure problems and the quality of teaching in rural areas is still limited, both in terms of school availability. adequate learning equipment, as well as adequate number and competency of teachers. These limitations make it difficult for students in rural India to access quality education, which has the potential to hinder the development of human capital in these regions.