STRATEGI ADAPTASI MASYARAKAT DALAM MENGHADAPI RELOKASI PERMUKIMAN TANAH MERAH TERHADAP KONDISI SOSIAL DAN EKONOMI

(Studi Kasus Desa Waimatan, Kecamatan Ile Ape Timur, Kabupaten Lembata)

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis kondisi masyarakat pascarelokasi, dinamika sosial ekonomi, serta strategi adaptasi masyarakat Desa Waimatan setelah direlokasi ke Permukiman Tanah Merah, Kabupaten Lembata. Penelitian menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan desain studi kasus. Informan dipilih secara purposive yang terdiri atas aparat desa dan masyarakat terdampak relokasi. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi, dan dokumentasi, kemudian dianalisis menggunakan model interaktif Miles dan Huberman. Temuan penelitian menunjukkan adanya paradoks relokasi pascabencana. Di satu sisi, relokasi berhasil menyediakan lingkungan permukiman yang lebih aman dari ancaman banjir bandang serta mampu mempertahankan kohesi sosial masyarakat melalui hubungan kekerabatan, gotong royong, dan solidaritas komunal. Di sisi lain, relokasi belum sepenuhnya diikuti pemulihan ekonomi rumah tangga akibat terbatasnya akses terhadap laut, lahan produktif, sumber air, dan peluang kerja. Dalam menghadapi kondisi tersebut, masyarakat mengembangkan strategi adaptasi melalui diversifikasi mata pencaharian, usaha ekonomi rumah tangga, pemanfaatan pekarangan, kegiatan menenun, dukungan keluarga, serta penguatan jaringan sosial. Penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa modal sosial menjadi faktor utama keberlangsungan kehidupan masyarakat pascarelokasi, sementara penguatan ekonomi lokal masih menjadi kebutuhan mendesak. Oleh karena itu, kebijakan relokasi pascabencana perlu diintegrasikan dengan program pemulihan penghidupan melalui pelatihan keterampilan, akses permodalan, dan pengembangan usaha berbasis komunitas

This study aims to analyze post-relocation community conditions, socio-economic dynamics, and adaptation strategies of the people of Waimatan Village after being relocated to Tanah Merah Settlement, Lembata Regency. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design. Informants were selected purposively, consisting of village officials and residents affected by relocation. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman interactive model. The findings reveal a paradox of post-disaster relocation. On the one hand, relocation successfully provided a safer settlement environment from flash flood hazards and maintained social cohesion through kinship ties, mutual cooperation, and communal solidarity. On the other hand, relocation has not been followed by adequate household economic recovery due to limited access to the sea, productive land, water resources, and employment opportunities. In response, the community developed adaptation strategies through livelihood diversification, household-based economic activities, home-yard utilization, weaving activities, family support, and strengthened social networks. This study confirms that social capital is the main factor sustaining community resilience after relocation, while local economic strengthening remains an urgent necessity. Therefore, post-disaster relocation policies should be integrated with livelihood recovery programs through skills training, access to capital, and community-based enterprise development